Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one atomic element. This example problem demonstrates how to predict the molecular formulas of several compounds involving polyatomic ions. Polyatomic Ion Problem Predict the formulas of these compounds, which contain polyatomic ions:   barium hydroxideammonium phosphatepotassium sulfate Solution The formulas of compounds containing polyatomic ions are found in much the same way as formulas are found for monoatomic ions. Make sure you are familiar with the most common polyatomic ions. Here is a list of polyatomic ions to help you. Look at the locations of the elements on the Periodic Table. Atoms in the same column as each other (Group) tend to exhibit similar characteristics, including the number of electrons the elements would need to gain or lose to resemble the nearest noble gas atom. To determine common ionic compounds formed by elements, keep the following in mind: Group I ions (alkali metals) have 1 charges.Group 2 ions (alkaline earth metals) have 2 charges.Group 6 ions (nonmetals) have -2 charges.Group 7 ions (halides) have -1 charges.There is no simple way to predict the charges of the transition metals. Look on a table listing charges (valences) for possible values. For introductory and general chemistry courses, the 1, 2, and 3 charges are most often used. When you write the formula for an ionic compound, remember that the positive ion is always listed first. When there are two or more polyatomic ions in a formula, enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses.Write down the information you have for the charges of the component ions and balance them to answer the problem.   Barium has a 2 charge and hydroxide has a -1 charge, therefore1 Ba2 ion is required to balance 2 OH- ionsAmmonium has a 1 charge and phosphate has a -3 charge, therefore3 NH4 ions are required to balance 1 PO43- ionPotassium has a 1 charge and sulfate has a -2 charge, therefore2 K ions are required to balance 1 SO42- ion Answer Ba(OH)2(NH4)3PO4K2SO4 The charges listed above for atoms within groups are the common charges, but you should be aware that the elements sometimes take on different charges. See the table of the valences of the elements for a list of the charges that the elements have been known to assume. For example, carbon commonly assumes either a 4 or -4 oxidation state, while copper usually has as 1 or 2 oxidation state.

Telecommunications and wireless technology Assignment

Telecommunications and wireless technology - Assignment Example The scope of technology and communication is not limited to any particular field or scope, rather it has helped making different sectors more easy to work with. Information system is an entire concept which is based on the implementation and installing of the information system in the organizations and networks for the benefit of fast working and easy execution of tasks. Literature Review: The journey of modern communication can be stretched back to the days when the communication means were slowly being transformed from wired communication to wireless ones. The wireless concept was a totally new idea which provided the people with more options in terms of the remote facility, usage of the mobile phones on the go, better services, and many more functionalities that were simply not provided by the wired telephone networks. This wireless technology came in form of 1st generation technologies formally known as the 1.G. these standards were specified by a centralized body known as the In ternational telecommunication Union (I.T.U), which looks into the matters of communication and networks and aims for further advancements and developments. I .T.U is a centralized body that looks into various aspects of the overall communication technologies promoting safer communications, specifying rules and regulations, dedicating channels and frequencies, providing platforms for further research, collaborating with other mega partners towards improvements of the communication technologies and also ensuring that the communication technologies are incorporated into other fields for the purpose of welfare of mankind and society. The first generation technology was formally known as the AMPS technology(Arokiamary 2009) which is acronym for Advanced Mobile Phone Services, these services were characteristic of being analogue in nature, facilitating limited number of customers across a dedicated channel, and with limited or no secure mechanism for protecting the privacy and data of the customers. Another characteristic of this concept was its limitation to mere voice traffic and being void of the data communications. To bring about advancements in the concept of wireless means of communication, a step forward was taken in form of migration towards second generation technologies which were formally known as the 2.G, which again was being parented by the I.T.U. The 2nd Generation technologies were meant for overcoming all the short comings that were there in the 1st generation technologies in form of the limited capacity, limited channel and customer entertaining, less secure means of operations. All this was overcome by transferring the overall concept to digital transmission and relying on the digital signal in contrast to the analogue signals which were largely in practice in the predecessor technological servicing entity. Few of the features of the second generation technologies included digital transmission, higher frequency bands, more secure algorithms adopt ion for the purpose of improved functioning and secure services, along with the using of channels and coding techniques that made the overall process of communication easy not just for the subscribers but the service providers as well. Some of the major concepts and entities of the second generation technologies include the usage of G.S.M (Global Systems for Mobile Communications), G.P.R.S (General

To What Extent Do Postcolonial Writers Articulate a Coherent a Useful Essay

To What Extent Do Postcolonial Writers Articulate a Coherent a Useful Notion of Home - Essay Example The home in which the natives came from have disappeared. Most of the original literature and the oral culture of the native Caribbean’s were not preserved; hence no cultural mark had been passed over to the following generations. The fact that the African-Caribbean people were enforced to reject their own heritage caused them not to have a traditional culture and an image to identify with. This has caused the natives to constantly adapt to the modern culture, thus not being able to grasp their own in whole. The poem Alpha is divided into three parts, which are ‘Mother Poem’, ‘Sun Poem and X/Self. Smaller divisions of Ancestor comprise of individual poems. The framework in which the poem is structured is in accordance with the context of universality, while being able to form a personal interaction through engaging the readers intimately. The association between the three voices in the Ancestor personifies the father, the mother and the son or the narrator, in relation to their Motherland. The poem captures the essence of familial integration and separation. The first verse is ambiguous. The subject of mother can be referred to as the author's mother whom he misses, or most likely, the author's motherland, as can be seen in the following lines, â€Å"the ancient watercourses of my island/ echo of rver. Trickle. Worn stone/ the sunken voice of glitter iching its pattern to the sea/ memory of foam. Fossil. Erased beaches high above the eaten†.5 The poem started with descriptions of an environment in which the author longs for, as personified in a form of a mother. The author misses his homeland and wishes to go back to his native land to comfort his female parent. The second verse is a description of the Americans or the West Indians. The author hints that his family has migrated to the United States of America, as deduced from the lines "the world Columbus found" and "the world Raleigh raided". 6The statements are symbolized by the following lines in the second part of the poem, â€Å"& my father swims through the noise / Through the blankets of jute on his lungs / & he is Caesar again at the Hellespont†. As for the references to the plantations, the setting in which the author's family migrated to is in New Orleans, it is where most black slaves have migrated to in the previous decades. In a nutshell, the second part is the author's description of his life as his family moved to New Orleans, where sugar plantations are abound. The second part of the poem also implies that the author's parents worked at the plantations in New Orleans. This fact has been deduced from the lines "through the blankets of jute on his lungs" and "maker of chalk dust".7 The line "she waits with her back slowly curving to mountain" represents her mother who have waited in patience and have gotten old, who lived her life in despair from working and waiting for his husband.8 This emotion is evident in the last part of the second division of the poem, â€Å"She waits for his return with her gold rings of love / Wl the miners tr ove that binds her to his world / She waits w/ her back slowly curving to mountain†.9 The last part of the

ETHICS DAY QUESTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ETHICS DAY QUESTIONS - Essay Example This simply means that people confirm and acknowledge that the religious teaching on doing unto others what one wants others to do unto thyself is evidently grounded on ethical and moral codes. In one’s experience, religion, through teachings like the Ten Commandments, provide guidelines for doing what is right and abiding by universal standards of morality and ethics. This is most applicable in situations and cultures where teachings have been imbibed and transferred from one generation to another. Likewise, one also believes that some people could abide by moral and ethical standards; and yet assert that they are not affiliated with any religious groups. A public figure, Barack Obama, who exemplifies or exhibits an ethical theory that best fits this person is utilitarianism, or asserting that actions should be conducted based on the potential outcome of benefitting the greatest number of people for the greater good. Obama’s religion was noted to be Christian (Lederman, 2013). As the President of the United States, a nation known to promote diversity, he is expected to be unbiased in practicing the religion that varied people prefer. As such, the most viable ethical theory is the promotion of utilitarianism which fits Obama, as the president of a powerful and democratic nation. Lederman, J. (2013, October 19). Obamas Religion Is Out Of Spotlight But Christian Spirituality Serves During Tough Times. Retrieved from Huffington Post:

Genii’s In the Making Essay -- Science Technology Mechanics Essays

Genii’s In the Making â€Å"†¦molecular machines of nanotechnology will increase, by orders of magnitude, our individual and collective capacity to transform desires into material reality† (Crandall, viii). What is the goal of technology? Most answers include some form of ways of increasing speed, or decreasing size all for the ultimate goal of convenience. Ok, so what is convenience? Convenience is the skill level at which something can be achieved, in other words, how desires can be met. So the true goal of technology is to assist in meeting desires. The quicker and smaller technology is, the easier it is to obtain those desires. Nanotechnology is the newest wave of technology that will potentially make a huge breakthrough in technology’s goal. Though not a science secure as of yet in our world, it is waiting for the time to make its momentous break though into the modern world, bringing with it a global effect on the human way of life. Nanotechnology is defined as â€Å" a technology executed on the scale of less than 100 nanometers, the goal of which is to control individual atoms and molecules, especially to create computer chips and other microscopic devices† (Webster’s Dictionary, 1999). In the early 1970’s an MIT student by the name of K. Eric Drexler came up with the idea of manufacturing things, both biological and non-biological, from the molecular level up. Drexler noticed the amazing talents of natural biology and wondered if humans could mimic biology on a mechanical level, â€Å" what if you were able to design them [molecular machines] and get them to do, locally, the kinds of thing you see them doing in nature, but yet have those parts [molecular machines] fit together in a new way to make a†¦pattern... ...M., Lewis, J. (1995). Prospects in Nanotechnology: Toward Molecular Manufacturing. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4)Random House Webster’s College Dictionary (1999). New York, NY: Random House, Inc. 5)Hengerer, R., Illsley, M. Nanotechnology and Business: The Power of Being Small. 03/07/05 www.accenture.com. 6)Ghandchi. S. Is Nanotechnology Real?. (03/07/05) www.iranscope.com. 7)Ricadela, A. Q&A: Former Intel Exec and Direction Les Valdasz. (03/16/05)www.informationweek.com/shared.printableAriThe cleSrc.jhtml?artivclID=60401273. 8)Stodder, D (April, 2004). The Mobil Mandate. (03/16/05) www.intelligententerprise.com/article=18700554. 9)Ricadela.A.( 10/18/2004). What the Future Holds. (3/16/2005) www.informationweek.com 10)Ricadela, A. (02/01/2005). HP Reports A Nanotech Breakthrough. (3/16/05) www.informationweek.com.

Integrating the Philosophy of Socrates into the Engineering Curriculum

Academic institutions in America have a difficult task, being primarily responsible for the education of the population. Higher education institutions play the largest role in developing individuals and helping them find their roles within society. It is then necessary to look into how the best institutions in the country are educating and developing the minds of the next generation of leaders. In particular, a great focus should be placed in the rising responsibility of STEM (Science Engineering Technology and Mathematics) graduates and their education due to the growing demand of STEM professionals in this era. Engineering curriculum's, for the majority, follow specific criteria to define what is necessary and important for an engineering student to learn. This criteria is set by ABET, the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, which has identified eleven (11) student outcomes upon graduation of an engineering Baccalaureate level program. Among these eleven outcomes, are three outcomes that involve something broader than technological knowledge, design and methods, and they are: (1) the broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context (2) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning (3) a knowledge of contemporary issues. In order to accomplish these outcomes, it is necessary to implement ancient philosophies from one of the greatest philosopher that ever lived, Socrates. Socrates had a lot to say about knowledge, wisdom and education. He is famously known for the ideas that â€Å"the only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing,† â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living, † and â€Å"education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. † Many students and professors in the school of engineering do not realize how little they know. For students, when accepted into a high ranked four-year institution, they might believe they are already among the best and the brightest, and this happens more often in the school of engineering. Students tend to think they have four more years of education left (typically) since they've made it so far already and don't realize that their learning has just begun. For professors at top higher institutions in Engineering, many have earned at least Master's degree or better. It is common that most professors hold Ph. D's at top research universities. With vast amount of knowledge these professors gain, they feel as if they know more than the students. Professors readily admit that they don't know everything. There are not many opportunities to question the curriculum that is assigned. More professors can benefit the student's learning experience by providing an environment to learn beyond what is required. Both professor and students are at fault for not acknowledging their own ignorance, which hinders the students in their intellectual growth. Moreover, once students and professors can come to realize how much more there is to learn this can open a world of knowledge for them. Socrates highly valued curiosity and wonder stating that life should not go unexamined. So how does one go about ensuring the outcomes ABET outlines? They implement a philosophical approach to technical education. Although this is present in some courses it is not enough. Most syllabi outline in detail what you are going to learn from concepts to chapters to homework problems to exams on day one. Learning is structured and more about following the rules. There is not a lot of encouragement to seek knowledge in other disciplines. The importance of concepts and ideas about other topics such as philosophy, politics, and education is not usually taught in engineering courses. Yet it is required by ABET for students to have that board exposure to be great engineers. For example, the an aerospace student who is looking to work in the industry after college needs to study the economy and politics. That student needs to understand how the economy stands regarding consumer spending and analyze the possibility of their country going to war. These factors can determine whether or not there is a need for commercial airplanes and/or a demand for defense airplanes. That student can then have a better understanding of what real engineering problems he will encounter and start thinking of ways to provide solutions by studying more applications of such problems. It is also important to know where that industry is head and looking into trends from the past to predict future ones and have a clearer vision of where to seek employment. This education, however, is not covered in your typical engineering course. Faculty and staff needs to put a bigger emphasis and link to education outside of STEM. It is the curiosity and wonder of the students that will lead them to self-educate themselves on these broader topics outside of their curriculum that they are expected have learned upon graduation. This leads to the issue that higher education has developed as a compartmentalized learning system, seen more evident in the engineering schools. In my experience at a leading four-year, private, research university, it felt as if the engineering professors were concerned about what the students know as opposed to how they processed thoughts and ideas. This is contrary to the belief that Socrates had, â€Å"education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. † With the focus to memorize formulas and problem solving methods students are just being filled with information and are then tested on how well they can recreate what they learned in lectures and texts in an exam. When asked, most alumni admit that they have retained very little from the concepts and formulas they learned in class. They state what they really acquired out of engineering school was the problem solving ability. This makes sense, since books and the internet are available to an engineer as a professional; there is no need to memorize the content. Practice with concepts and methods are necessary yet it is more important to understand how these concepts came to be. Socrates would encourage students to ask more about the who, what, why, how, and when in the midst of their learning experience. Developing a critical mind should be the focus of teaching not how well a student can memorize. Engineering programs across the nation don't place enough of an emphasis on critical thinking and self-education of concepts outside of engineering. Engineering education is not just about the practice of engineering methods; it's about recognizing hidden principles, patterns of learning and developing a desire for lifelong learning. With the teachings of Socrates, students will realize what they don't know and start to become more curious and begin to self-educate themselves outside of the classrooms to become individuals that live fulfilling lives as professionals and members of society community.

The Concept of Organizational Structure - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1806 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The concept of organizational structure Organizations may be mechanical and organic structure or some mechanical tasks, other tasks may maintain an organic structure. Mechanical design of technical methods for each position in the business, duties and powers are described in detail. Working relationships within the organization is vertical. Obedience is important in mechanical systems. More do the job cases are available. Top-down communication that does not depend on the elements work. Efficiency is very low. administrators and obey all work would usually expect intervention. This situation causes quite accusations and complaints. According to the status in an environment where everyone has value. Everyone has to do a good job. Communication is very limited. Organic structure and is less flexible in the definition of work. Responsibilities, functions, methods and powers vary continuously. Relations and communication and discussion in the form of solidari ty is horizontal rather than vertical orders. Because mutual communication efficiency is high. everyone has their own personality value the importance of. Statute does not matter. as an internal control environment for the advice and support is available. Save and thereby increases production. Everything would be innovative. everyone is responsible for the work done is not a single administrator. thoughts on employees job well done shaped. If you have a problem here, the problem is solved together. Everyone expects respect from each other. A person working in the organic system, just how good a job as well as the best to do business with the targets. In the mechanical system of the first embodiment is not permitted, the emphasis on the second. The new system helps to ensure the implementation of decisions given in the field, time is lost by waiting directives from the center, in the old system. In the new system with the participation of members of the various units of the organi zation (or even in general) to be made about brainstorming ideas will emerge with a wealth of best will be helpful in finding the. The organic system of the major benefits One, administrators, element (necessary knowledge and courage hardware after) in the business baÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±msÄ ±zlaÃ…Å ¸tÄ ±rÄ ±p; overall coordination, follow the innovation, strategic planning and self-development as well as vital issue to take the time to be making opportunity is. 100% of people and organizations applying mechanical or organic systems, they can not say 100%. In fact, this rate the quality of the organizations member-managers, together with internal factors such as age, under the influence of external factors change. Widespread organic system administration excels in being a power and interest. Modern business team of experts will develop further understanding and would diminish the authority of the leader are indicated. Communication networks while reducing th e importance of boundaries, reducing the authority of the organic system on people who are not administrators. In the new system, rather than the status of the power, personal power will come to the fore, people in different ways, conquered much of their status, knowledge, and experience gained through sacrifice and administrators will be. Im doing my job, I get my salary in the conception, routine work and the pursuit of common holidays are the elements in this system will be eliminated. Local governments gained power, the bureaucracy will shrink and democratic values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹will spread to the entire community. Need to possess our own valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, as well as adapting to the world community to be a lot more thought and being unresponsive stacks get rid of. For this, the Administrator and member status to reconsider our gerekmektedir.bat world of trial-and-error methods for reaching our valuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ †¹, our hand written despite the fact that for centuries ulaÃ…Å ¸amayÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ± Our very painful condition, but, at the same time is a reality. BURNS and STALKER Technological changes and market changes in the management of these enterprises constitute what effects, it studied. Results from studies in the organizational structure has been classified in two groups: mechanical and organic. Mechanical organizational structure, static and stable environmental conditions, there are very few cases where the rate of change most suitable structure, the organic structure of the environmental conditions are changing continuously and as fast as the best organizational structure is indicated. Mechanical properties of the organizational structure ; The problems facing businesses and jobs are divided into specific areas of expertise . Every staff member in a business , all business interests to consider the purpose and act accordingly , instead of enter ing the field activities of his department and a very small part of the whole purpose of which is to act according to . Each specialization and functional levels determined in detail the rights and responsibilities of methods and techniques which will be used is decided here . Authority and command and control relationships are defined as clearly and distinctly . Relationships between members of the organization , essentially the top in the form of relationship to other relationships. Work to be done and will be shown to a large extent the behavior of those in the upper echelons is in line with their decisions and orders . Of command and staff personnel is defined as the differences between the clear . Control areas are usually narrow and closely oversee . The properties of organic organizational structure ; Members of the organization work to do, constantly , according to the members of the organization re- set relationship with each other . Detailed job descriptions and narrow rather than expand the business based systems is essential. The lower level is given in many decisions and decentralization is essential. Tightly connected to the chain of command , rather than find solutions to problems , and weight the importance of contacts and relationships with people who are . Personnel in certain jobs , rather than to specialized staff will do the job changes constantly according to the organizations overall objectives is essential. Horizontal communication is at least as important as vertical communication . Communication between members of the organization are advisory rather than command and control communications . Organizations in general are more vulnerable to environmental factors . The organic structure of the mechanical structure and the relationships that have openings in duty and walk away from the hierarchical structure. What to do and how to do business with staff constantly communicating with othe rs improves. Organization administrators stressed that non-formal fear of powerful business groups and social system divides thinkers including internal systems and external systems to Geoarg Homans. Burns and Stalker experiencing a sudden change in the market and technological management in enterprises of this type have a tendency to see that. The birth of new problems constantly in a system where there is stability, this type of organizational structure is the structure that gives the most positive results. Because organizations must be solid and lasting relationships with experts by making existing plans should be able to adjust to the new conditions. This companys management philosophy is overcome strict boundaries between functional departments and organizations shown in the scheme of the communication channels to be taken into account when necessary, can be accomplished by supporting horizontal and diagonal communication. Two Organizational Forms Difference Speciza lition Mechanical : The organization’s problems and tasks are divided according to function. Organic : Ä °mportant contribution to solving the problems of the organization depends on the expertise and experience. Difference General orientation Mechanic : Ä °ndividual tasks, one is given without regard to specific techniques. Organic : Ä °ndividual tasks, in a realistic manner depending on the organizations total is given. Difference Coordination Mechanic : Coordination of tasks divided according to the persons immediate superior. Organic : Ä °ndividual tasks are in continuous interaction with other individuals. Difference Rights and obligations Mechanic : Everyones rights, obligations and work is relevant to the role. Organic : Responsibility for a persons rights, obligations and duties according to the change. Difference Control Mechanic : Control, authority and communication are hierarchically structured. Org anic : Control, authority and communication are in the form of a network structure. Difference Information centre Mechanic : Hierarchy is supported by centralizing information about ongoing problems. Organic : Management is not perceived as omniscient. Information is located along the entire network. Information, traveling into central authority. Difference Direction of communication Mechanic : Trend among employees, is divided into upper and lower. Organic : When a problem is applied vertical communication. so communication becomes more constructive. Difference Instructions Mechanic : Work and tasks are controlled by the superiors. Organic : Communication of information and guidance when making decisions rather occurs. Difference Loyalty Mechanic : Loyalty to superiors at work if you help an important win. Organic : organizations mission and technical progress is more important than loyalty. WOODWARD Organizations engaged in mass production units in the mechanistic organizational structure and processes of organizations engaged in the production of organic organizational structure were found to be more successful. This means that the structure and organization of the technology used is proven that there is a tight relationship. Technology progresses, organizations will want to switch to organic organizational structure, organic organizational structures that carry the future of the structural features of the organization said. PERROW Charles Perrow relationship between technology and work organization structure, routine and non-routine works by classifying form, organizational structure can be determined accordingly argued. According to Perrow; technology as an independent variable by kalmayÄ ±p organizational structure is thus transformed into a dependent variable. If you do the job with less work to do the necessary knowledge and technology to own mechanical organizational structure would be more appr opriate. If you do not have clear and distinct issues, work to be done to understand and difficult to determine the specific techniques not available previously tried and an organic structure in such organizations would be more appropriate. CONCLUSION: The main idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Contingency approach, one of the factors that determine the organizational structure and processes, the technology used in the organization to be associated with the organization is that environmental factors. Note: Contingency approach is based on an open system approach. Modern Vision Organization Modern approaches in organizational essentially systems approach, the contingency approach are discussed under the names. According to this view of the structure of the organization should be how the business is not simply an administrative choice. On the contrary, the organizational structure of the organization surrounding environmental conditions will determine how it s hould be. Modern views across the organic organizational structure and the mechanical organization of open systems versus closed systems is related to understanding the organization. The main feature of modern opinion, based on specific scientific concepts have a structure consisting of analytical, empirical research, and above all to benefit substantially from the general synthesis, the model and the system is moving towards establishing a character. According to the modern view of the structure of the organization should be how business is not simply an administrative choice. On the contrary, environmental conditions surrounding the organization, the organizational structure will determine how it should be. Modern opinion organic organizational structure rather than mechanical organizational structure, rather than closed systems to open systems is the understanding of the organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Concept of Organizational Structure" essay for you Create order